6Ĭonsequently, the use of probiotics to enhance or modify the intestinal bacteria profile has generated much interest. 5 Similarly, human intestinal biopsies have demonstrated a lower proportion of Bifidobacteria in patients with IBD compared to healthy controls. In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 16S rDNA studies showed a complete absence of certain Lactobacillus species in affected individuals. Indeed, the lack of certain classes of bacteria has already been associated with human intestinal diseases. 1 – 4 While an inciting bacteria or pathogen may be causal, equally plausible is the possibility that the relative absence of commensal bacteria, normally serving a protective or anti-inflammatory role, may exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Changes in gut flora have been implicated in the etiologies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), anti- biotic-associated diarrhea, and even obesity.
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